Vanillin Determination free essay sample

Vanillin is most commonly found in food flavour formulations, perfumes and fragrances and has been used in drugs used by those who suffer from Parkinson’s disease (RHODIA, 2013). Physical State| Solid at 20oC| Form| Crystalline powder| Colour| Colourless to slight yellow| Odour| Vanilla| Melting point| 80 – 83. 5oC| Boiling Point| 154oC at 13. 3 hPa284oC at 1013 hPa| Relative density| 1. 06g/cm3 at 20oC| Molecular weight| 152. 15 g/mol| Table 1: physical properties of vanillin (RHODIA, 2013) EXTRACTION OF VANILLIN FROM IMITATION VANILLA ESSENCE Vanillin may be removed from imitation vanilla essence by mixing it with an organic solvent such as dichloromethane and then mixing the vanillin molecule with dilute sodium hydroxide to make it into a sodium salt so that it is in its aqueous phase (Southam, 2013). This is done as in the first step the pure vanillin is attracted to the dichloromethane as they are both organic structures and have similar intermolecular forces (dispersion). The second step involves mixing it with sodium hydroxide and this is done as the phenol group reacts with the sodium hydroxide to create a sodium salt and water, the sodium salt then wants to stay in this aqueous phase due to the similarity in the dipole-dipole bonding. We will write a custom essay sample on Vanillin Determination or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page + NaOH = + H2O Figure 2: Reaction of Vanillin with Sodium Hydroxide AIM The aim of this experiment is to determine how much vanillin is in imitation vanilla essence by extracting the vanillin from the vanilla essence and to measure its absorbance using UV-Visible spectrometry. Experimental Diluted essence (10ml, 100 times diluted) was pipetted into a 100ml separating funnel. 20ml of dichloromethane was added to the diluted essence. The funnel was then shaken vigorously for 2 minutes with gas being release occasionally. The organic phase (lower layer) was released into a 100ml beaker and another 20 ml of dichloromethane was added to the funnel and shaken vigorously for another 2 minutes. The organic phase (lower layer) was again released into the 100 ml beaker. The contents of the funnel were disposed of. The organic phase was then added back into the separating funnel with 40ml of 0. M sodium hydroxide solution and shaken well for 2 minutes. The organic phase was released and disposed of and the aqueous phase was kept and transferred to a 250ml volumetric flask and the volume was made up with 0. 1M sodium hydroxide. Standards were then made using the 50mg/L standard provided and mixing with 0. 1M sodium hydroxide to create standards with 1,2,3,4,5 mg/L concentrations. Each solution was run through the UV – Visible spectrometer to find the absorbance and then the concentration. Your vanilla essence extract| 0. 430| Solution for 100% extraction efficiency| 0. 450| Table 2: UV-Visible Spectrometry Results Figure 3: Graph of absorbance vs concentration From the results data can be gathered to determine how much vanillin is in vanillin essence. A graph can be made with the absorbance values from the standards that were made and from that graph the concentration of the vanillin in the vanilla essence extract can be found using the absorbance and the equation from the line of best fit from the graph. In this case the concentration of the vanillin in the vanilla essence extract will be 2. 9 mg/L. To get the true concentration of the vanillin in vanilla essence the dilution factor needs to be found. The dilution factor is found that 10mL of the 100 times diluted sample was made up to 250ml so that makes the end sample 2500 times diluted. To get the true concentration of vanillin in vanilla essence the concentration found needs to be multiplied by 2500. The concentration of vanillin in vanilla essence is 5739. 25 mg/L. Conclusions and further work A solution with 100% extraction of vanillin from vanilla essence was provided and had a concentration of 2. mg/L, the final concentration of the vanillin from the vanilla essence in this experiment was 2. 29 mg/L, indicating that this experiment had 95. 42% efficiency. This final result also establishes that there is 5739. 25 mg/L of vanillin in vanilla essence.