Instigation of the hostage crisis of 1979 Essay

Incitement of the prisoner emergency of 1979 - Essay Example The Iran Hostage Crisis started on November 4, 1979; when the genius Ayatollah understudies broke into the US international safe haven in Iran and took around 66 90 individuals prisoner, of which 66 were Americans. Thirteen prisoners were later liberated, bringing the number down to 53. Practically these 13 prisoners discharged were accepted to be African-American ladies, who in their view had a past filled with persecution by the very nation they were residents of . Another prisoner was later discharged in 1980 bringing the complete number of prisoners held down to 52. The prisoners were at long last liberated following 444 days on 21st January 1981.This corresponded with the debut address of President Ronald Reagan. There are a few inquiries that are being posed on what could have been the real reason for the assault on the US government office in Tehran by the ace Ayatollah understudies. There are changed perspectives on what could have inspired them into the demonstration. No compelling reason to begin another passage. The subject has not changed. You open another section just when you change to another theme. It is for the most part said that the acknowledgment of Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi in New York may have been the reason for the emergency. Regardless of the acknowledgment of Shah into US soil being taken to be the prompt reason for the assault, the prisoner taking was really roused by considerably more than Shah’s acknowledgment. Despite the fact that, by all accounts, Shah's acknowledgment into the U.S. soil was asserted to be the primary driver behind the prisoner emergency, the genuine purposes for the inspiration ran a lot further than that. This The prisoner emergency was a road henceforth utilized as front by that the members in the demonstration used to make their dismay known and to show that they were splitting endlessly from the past where the Americans had been meddling with the Iran’s interior issues by supporting the Shah.

Business: Communism and United States Essay

Julie Marshall’s first cousin, Jean-Paul, lives and works in Belgium. They have had long â€Å"discussions† by means of email about the advantages and disadvantages of living in the US, an entrepreneur framework, as opposed to living in Belgium, a communist monetary framework. Jean-Paul shielded Belgium’s framework. What do you think Julie would state about the advantages of living in the US and the downsides of living in Belgium, and how might Jean-Paul react? Clarify Julie’s position and Jean-Paul’s reaction in an article design that is at any rate 250 words long. I would state that the U.S. advantages would be better in light of the fact that it’s greater chance and you progress more into your vocation as opposed to getting benefits outside the U.S. I mean Arnold Swarzenegger said it better on 106 and Park. He said that’s how his profession had begun and had taken off since the time he was 21 when he had won Mr. Universe. With the entrepreneur framework in the U.S. you reserve the privilege to claim private property, the option to possess a business and keep all that business’s benefits, the privilege to opportunity of finish, and the privilege to opportunity of decision. Under private enterprise most factors of creation and dispersion are claimed by people. The industrialist framework is the establishment of the United States. With the communist monetary framework the framework ought to be possessed by the administration and depends on premise and different organizations. The significant advantage for a communist financial framework is social uniformity in light of the fact that the administration takes salary regardless of in the event that you are rich or poor. Likewise instruction can be free through school, free medicinal services, and free kid care. On the off chance that you are in a communist nation you get longer get-aways, not so much hours, but rather more representative advantages, however private enterprise wins. A Marxist society would have no private property rights and products delivered in it. It would be dispersed among the residents. The U.S. is making infant strides on controlling communism. Communism makes more fairness than free enterprise and it will in general outcome in less creations. I would think Julie might want the advantages better in the United States and he would of reacted with well meaning goals on the United States Benefits.

I am home. Small thanks to the Airlines.

I am home. Small thanks to the Airlines. My first reaction to the ridiculously ridiculous airline adventure I just had was to write something along these lines and send it to the CEO of my airline, or as high up as possible. My Good Sir, Have you ever ridden on an airplane? During the Holiday Season? Without your Super-Sparkly-Platinum members benefits? Incognito, so that your employees dont know that they need to behave around you? Might I make a small suggestion? DO. Then go back to your interviews and repeat, We need to take excellent care of our customer, and MEAN it this time. I could tell you a story about a traveler who arrived at the wrong airport after a trip four times longer than the one purchased. Or they could. To paraphrase: Well arrive in time for your delayed connection. Though you sprinted through the airport and made the connection, we decided to give your seat away Oops, I miscounted, you could have been on that one. You definitely have a seat on the next flight. The next flight has been canceled. Since before you spoke with the last agent. There is no hope for you. Oh, you can standby on another airline. Let me transfer that ticket. What? They say we havent transferred the ticket? Well, thats because we arent allowed to. No, its not possible. I dont care if they say it needs to be done. I dont care if the other employee told you she did it. You have issues with communication. Huh. Yeah, sometimes transferring tickets gets messed up when they do it at the airport. Let me put you on a flight to another city. Were leaving at 8. 9. 9:40. 10. 10: 30. 10:50. 11:30. Well get you out sometime, we swear. Unless the pilots hours roll over before they get here. Then they need to rest. Have you noticed that this ALWAYS happens? At least seen it in the movies? Random guess: This will happen to masses of people next year, too. Im sick of airlines who tell me I am not communicating correctly when they wont share gate information with the the next terminal. When each employee I speak to contradicts the previous one. Im sick of being offered a limited-offer discounted hotel room when this whole mess is your fault. (And dont blame the weather. You chose your hub. An idiot could have told you it has lousy weather EVERY year exactly when everyone wants to get home.) Im sick of limited blanket and cot supplies and nearly nonexistent power outlets. Im walking home next year. Yours sincerely, Kimberly F. Dietz Except it was originally going to be longer and angrier. And delivered by a hit man. A hit man who smelling like rotting fish, adding that extra epsilon of unpleasantness to the situation. But of course I calmed down eventually, and I do realize the futility of this approach. So I started trying to think constructively. Ideas For Improved Holiday Travel On Airlines I was delayed for several hours because the crew assigned to my plane was stranded elsewhere, and there was no one to fly it, though it sat at the gate gathering ice. I see that your retired pilots club has over 900 dues-paying members. While many of them have surely let their pilots licenses lapse, I cant believe they all have, if only because some must have retired recently. Hire them on again for the holidays! Pay them handsomely to be on call at busy airports. Or just teach your customers to fly while theyre sitting there bored for hours on end, year after year. (Kidding.) You know how you have those little oxygen masks that pop down from the ceiling in case of an emergency? And have maybe been used once? Something less life-threatening but faaaar more common than losing cabin pressure is having a flight delayed indefinitely. Even in the rare event that the airline is giving out blankets, many people dont dare go seek them out, lest they miss their flight if/when it comes. I suggest adapting the existing technology to this situation. Imagine the commercial featuring the announcement! It begins with a shot of passengers sitting at the gate. In the event of a change in boarding time, the comfort compartment above your seat will open automatically. Ceiling panels slide back and blankets, pillows, snacks and games pop down on the ends of bungee cords, bouncing around as they dangle just above the passengers heads. Assist others in need of assistance before getting too comfortable yourself. Cut to a shot of a parent carefully helping a kid open the plastic wrap on their new coloring book, then grabbing a pillow, blanket, and novel from the dangling cords, snuggling into their seat, and reading. Name of Airline: Handling Every Emergency. Keep your Arrival and Departure monitors up to date, for obvious reasons. Make the process by which you update those monitors more transparent. Today a fellow passenger said to me, You know, Ive always wondered about what goes on in the little room [where someone must be predicting when the flight might leave]. Use all those idle people waiting to board planes. For instance: let them update a (probably separate) board with information they know about delays and their reasons, weather in various areas of the country, etc. Give them a small percentage off of their next flight ticket if they contribute, with a promised punishment if the information they contribute turns out to be incorrect. Id enroll in this program immediately. Organize the inter-airline tug-of-war competition between terminals. Or a poetry jam. Or a chess tournament. Make SURE your employees are competent. Dont tolerate employees who goof off with each other while long lines wait, who give incorrect information, who dont know how to transfer tickets. Open lines of communication with other airlines. Arrange to share gate information. Arrange to trade off, covering for each other in areas where one has stronger coverage than the other. Remember Miracle on 34th Street ? Everyone loved Macys after they started keeping track of their competitors toys too and sending them to whatever store had what the customer really wanted. Emulate them. Of course, this sort of suggestion list is also quite likely to go unnoticed. Then, I had one final idea. So, last week a Facebook friend asked me to up-rate his suggestion on Change.orgs Ideas For Change In America Site. The idea is that every throws in their ideas, then they consider each others and vote on them, and the top 10 are given to the Obama team on Inauguration Day. We could do something like this. If everyone else who had a bad travel experience puts in their ideas and also comments on which others they think are good, Ill type up a few of them and forward them to airline CEOs (or whoever the correct contact person is.) And they likely still wont listen. But heres to trying with a spirit of Audacious Hope. p.s. To those of you still out there: Good Luck!!

The Crime On The Block - 1440 Words

Our daily doses of the latest gossip and news of those around us never seem to have an objective. We are shown various articles from potential presidential candidates to the latest crime on the block, and very few enlightening stories. Each article may seem rather at random and just picked in order of the most intriguing to the less interesting, but it just goes to show how unknowingly we are influenced by the press today. The press has the power to manipulate the way we perceive our surroundings with the legitimate authority to do so. It is only up to our own morals and ethics to really understand who has power over us and to understand the differences between illegitimate and legitimate authority. Since 1791 when the First Amendment was†¦show more content†¦It is because of our First Amendment rights that it is lawful for media to manipulate us. We give our consent to the journalist to persuade our views in such a way by purchasing the newspaper, thus its authority to do s o is legitimate. We may not approve of the views presented in the article, but it is put upon us as more of an obligation to abide by the norm in order to stay in tune with our peers in what can be called more of a ‘practical’ authority. The other type of authority that we can identify in journalism is ‘theoretical’ authority. This is where we go to the newspapers for information on things because it is more of their ‘expertise’ to do the research or to provide the information. This can be a case of journalism where, as McChesney states, â€Å"Coverage tends to be a barrage of facts and official statements.† On the other hand it can be a very opinionated style of journalism with a clear objective. For example, as Rick Horowitz mentions in his recent Huffington Post titled â€Å"Black lives Matter (The ‘Too’ is Silent)†, â€Å"It s pretty easy to understand. Unless you re trying not to.† His style of writing exe mplifies the second type of power we see in journalism called Liberal2. Liberal2 is a type of power where citizens are deprived of something that they otherwise would pursue. In Horowitz’ post we can see that he leaves no room for

Discrimination Level of the African Americans, Latinos, Asian Americans, and Native Americans Free Essay Example, 2750 words

English culture is what serves as the yardstick pertaining to the evaluation of other ethnic sub-population although elements of other ethnic cultures have been absorbed completely. Groups such as the African Americans, Latino Americans, Asian Americans, and Native Americans are being discriminated against many benefits that the majority groups enjoy. On a general platform, the minority groups experienced a unique treatment as compared to the majority members. For example, minorities were denied the chance of renting or even own an apartment. Secondly, the minorities as much as they could come from a different region, they were made to share certain cultural and physical characteristics. This made them be recognized by the majority group. A member of a minority was made to marry each other. The majority was not willing to marry the minority, and thus, to some extent, this drew a line of discrimination. Therefore, the minority faced a rebel from the majority. However, several factors will always outline the type of discrimination faced by a certain minority as compared to another. It is imperative that some aspects such as origin, race, culture, and political adherences formed the basis of discrimination against the minority (Carlisle 101). We will write a custom essay sample on Discrimination Level of the African Americans, Latinos, Asian Americans, and Native Americans or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page The African American people faced racial discrimination, segregation, as well as the whites expression of their supremacy then. The whites expressed this discrimination by doing race riots and lynching.

Traffic Jam in Dhaka City Free Essays

EXAMINATION OF PROFITABILITY IN THE CONTEXT OF BANGLADESH BANKING INDUSTRY Nadim Jahangir’, Shubhankar Shill2 and Md. Amlan Jahid Haque3 Abstract Loans are the riskiest asset of a bank, but these loans play a pivotal role in banks’ profitability. Banks ‘profitability depends on the results of some parameters and among them Bank b Return on Equity, Market Size, Market Concentration Index, and Bank RiskMeasure are widely used and the same are investigated in the Bangladesh Banking Industry in this study for a period of the last six years. We will write a custom essay sample on Traffic Jam in Dhaka City or any similar topic only for you Order Now The data comes from the annual reports of individual banks listed in Dhaka Stock Exchange (DSE) and from the Bangladesh bankb published statistics book (Scheduled Banks Statistics). Correlation matrix and stepwise regression have been used for the purpose of data analysis. The analysisfinds that market concentration and bank b risk do little to explain bank b return on equity, whereas bankb market size is the only variable providing an explanation for banks return on equity in the context of Bangladesh. Introduction The tmhtional measure ofprofitabilitythrough stockholder’s equity is quite different in banking industry ffom any other sector ofbusiness, where loan-to-deposit ratio works as a very good ndicator ofbanks’ profitabiJity as it depicts the status of asset-liabilitymanagement ofbanks. But banks’ risk is not only associated with this asset- liability management but also related to growth opportunity. Smooth growth insures higher future returns to holders and there lies the profitability which means not only current profits but future returns as well. So, market size and market concentration index along with return to equity and loan-to-deposit ratio seize the attention of analyzing the banks’ profitability. The banking industry of Bangladesh is a mixed one comprising nationalized, private and foreign ommercial banks. Many efforts have been made to explain the performance of these banks. Understanding the performance ofbanks requires knowledge about the profitability and the relationshps between variables like market size, bank’s risk and bank’s market size with profitability. Indeed, the performance evaluation of commercial banks is especially important today because of the fierce competition. The banking (1) Dr. Nadim Jahangir (Associate Professor) holds a Ph. D. in Management from Australian Catholic University and now is teachmg in the Independent University of Bangladesh. (2) Shubhankar Shill (Lecturer) holds Master degree in Finance from Dhaka University (Bangladesh) and now is teaching in the School of Business, Independent University of Bangladesh. (3) Md. Arnlan Jahid Haque (Lecturer) holds a Master degree in Management from Rajshahi University (Bangladesh) and now is teaching in the School of Business, Independent University of Bangladesh. 36 ABAC Journal Vol. 27, No. 2 (May – August, 2007, pp. 36 – 46) Examination of PI .ofitability in the Context ofBangladesh Banking Indusqr industry is experiencing major transition for the last two decades. It is becoming imperative for banks to endure the pressure arising from oth internal and external factors and prove to be profitable. Until early 1985, Bangladesh had a highlyrepressed financial sector (Chowhdury, 2002). Banks and other financial institutions were fully owned by the government. In the early part of 1980, Bangladesh entered into the IMF and World Bank adjustment programs and the process of privatization and liberalization gained momentum under the influence ofthe World Bank and the IMF. Sinc e then the banking industry of Bangladesh has become an attractive ground for both domestic and foreign investors to take part in the game. It is of utmost importance that these layers prove themselves profitable. Andrews (1975) noted that it is essential to understand the strategies to achieve greater profitability. In line with this, the current study makes an effort to unearth those pillars which are major constituents of strategies and goals. This paper intends to analyze the importance of internal and external factors for banks return on equity. Specifically, the purpose of the study is to closely examine the relationships of bank’s market concentration, market size, and bank’s risk with return on equity. The intention is to decide which amongst the potential determinants appear to be mportant. Hassan, Khan, and Haque, (1 995) previously examined banks’ profitability considering monetary affect and concentration in context of Bangladesh. However Fraser, Phi lips, and Rose (1974) stated that performance of commercial banks should not be measured by a single proxy but by a set of variables which are jointly determined by market structure, demand, and other factors. Therefore, the current study aims to propose and examine a framework incorporating bank’s market concentration, bank’s market size, bank’s risk, and identify the relationships of these variables with bank’s return on equity in context f Bangladesh. Literature Review Market Size Cravens (2000) elaborated that, market size is usually measured by currency, sales andlor unit sales for any product market and also in specified time period other size measurement include the number of buyers’ average purchase quantity, frequency of purchase for any product oriented market. As a result the key measures of market size are market potential, sales forecast, and market share. In another study on banking reformation Thorsten and Ross (2002) measured the ma rket size ofbanks against the GDP and to measure bank size, Thorsten and Ross (2002) used bank credit to he private sector as a share of GDP. Demirguc-Kunt and Maksimovic (2002) suggested that the extent to whichvarious financial, legal, and other factors (e. g. corruption) affect bank profitability is closely linked to size. In addition, as Short (1 979) argued, size is closely related to the capital adequacy of a bank since relatively banks tend to raise less expensive capital and, hence, appear more profitable. Luthria and Dhar (2005) defined market size as the scale of economic activity over which agents can contact. They tried to measure market size or space by national borders. Large space creates the potential or reaping economies of scale and the scope for specialization as well. It requires specific investments in physical and human capital, as well as marketing channels, constrained by slow- moving economic activity. Market Concentration The concentration aspect is particu larly important for the transition economies and it has been very commonly used as the measurement of Nadim Jrrhangir. Shubhankar ShiN and 1Mn. Amlan Jahid Haque profitability ofbanlung industry. Atbanasoglou, Brissims, and Delis (2005) argue that banking systems are highly concentrated, with little separation between central and commercial banking ctivities in order to facilitate the banks’ role in the planning process. Ahighly concentrated banking sector results in market power for the banks. As opposed to perfect competition, banks having monopoly power would lead to an equilibrium characterized by higher loan costs and a smaller quantity of loanable hnds (Cetorelli Gambera, 2001). According to Alzaidanin (2003) when a large share of the business of a given industry is controlled by few large firms or concentrated in a few pockets the situation is usually termed as a slate ofconcentration. However, Deidda and Fattouh (2002) showed theoretically as well as mpirically that the relationship between banking concentration and return on equity depended on the level of economic development. More specifically, banking concentration had an adverse impact on return on equity only in low income countries. For high income countries, there was no significant effect between the two variables. Additionally, Beck, Maksimovic, and Vojislav (2003) found that this effect is especially strong if a state has a weak legal system, high level ofcorruption and a low level ofeconomic and financial development. Since these factors are true for at least some of the economies under consideration, ne would expect low banking concentration to foster return on equity. Bank Risk According to Allen (1 997), banks tend to focus on areas where they believe they have a comparative advantage to maximize efficiency in making loans. This approach makes banks give attention to geographic, industry specific demographics, and other market characteristics to operate. Calomiris and Karceski (1 998) noted that diversification and different levels ofriskyness is the result ofdifferences across banks in the scale oftheir operations. As economic conditions vary across different regions and industrial sectors, therefore ank riskyness and return on equity also vary across different regions. Gerlach, Peng, and Shu (2004) took a different approach in defining Banks’ risk. Poor management qualities in inefficient institutions have a tendency to cany higher risk (credit risk, operating risk, liquidity). The credit risk on any individual loan can be broken down into two components, the probability that the borrower will default, and the losses incurred in the event ofdefault. In an earlier study on asset quality of commercial banks Stafon (2000) found that bank return on equity driven mainly by changes in Net Interest Margins NIMs) and loan provision which in turn were determined by asset quality. However, Greusning and Bratanovic (2003) revealed that return on equity is a revealing indicator of a bank’s competitive position in banking markets and of the quality of its management. The authors further elaborated that the income statement ofa bank is a key source of information on a bank’s return on equity, reveals the sources ofa bank’s earning and their quantity and quality as well as the quality of the bank’s loan portfolio and the focus of its expenditures. Relationship between market concentration and banks ‘return on ecjuitv The mpirical findings on the relationship between market concentration and return on equity are as diverse as the theoretical underpinnings. Parsley and Wei (1 985) found that young firrns in concentrated markets receive more credits than in competitive markets, with no difference for older firms, which results in a positive effect on return on equity. In contrast, Examination of Profitability in the Context of Bangladesh Banking Indust, Cetorelli and Gambera (2001) concluded that banking conc entration leads to an overall depressing effect on return on equity. The authors suggest that increased competition (thus less oncentration) causes a rise in entrepreneurship and thus a higher rate of new firm creation. Very convincing is the recent work of Deidda and Fattouh (2002) showing theoretically as well as empirically that the relationship between banking concentration and return on equity depends on the level of economic development. More specifically, banking concentration has an adverse impact on ROE only in low income countries. For hlgh income countries, there is no significant effect between the two variables. Therefore, the following hypothesis can be proposed: Hypotheis1 : There is a significant relationship between Bank’s arket concentration and Bank’s return on equity of commercial banks in Bangladesh. Relationship between market size and banks’ return on equity Shepherd (1972) mentioned a positive relation between the market size and return o n equity. Such a nature ofrelationship continues to receive a great deal of attention. Seedier and Gee (1 96 1) suggested that the variability ofthe growth rate ofbank assets declines with the market size. Demerguq- Kunt and Huizinga (2001) noted that growth ofmarket size, in contrast, is positively and significantly related to profit growth. Again by following the same path of Smirlock (1 985), Alzaidanin (2003) mentioned a positive and significant relationship between banks’ size and banks’ return on equity based on product differentiations. Therefore, the following hypothesis can be proposed: Hypothesis 2: There is a significant relationship between Bank’s market size and Bank’s retum on equity of commercial banks in Bangladesh. Relationship between banks’ risk and banks’ return on equity Gizycki (2001) stated that even though return on equity is influenced by bank’s credit risk, the relationship between the two is not straightforward. Movements in the retum on assets will reflect not just credit risk, ut the full range of risks, including bank’s exposures to movements in interest rates and exchange rates, liquidity risk and operational risks. Moreover, banks return on equity reflects not just risk-taking, but also other factors such as the mix ofon and offbalance sheet business, operating efficiency, the level of co mpetition within the banking market, and regulatory constraints. Banks earn higher returns by taking on riskier business, this will boost the return on equity. However, if a bank experiences losses beyond what it had provisioned for, such losses will reduce return on equity. Bourke (1 989) reports hat the effect of credit risk on retum on equity appears clearlynegative. This result may be explained by taking into account the fact that the more financial institutions are exposed to high- risk loans, the higher is the accumulation ofunpaid loans, implying that these loan losses have produced lower returns to many commercial banks. Therefore, the following hypothesis can be proposed: Hypothesis 3: There is a significant relationship between Bank’s risk and Bank’s return on equity of commercial banks in Bangladesh. Conceptual framework It is proposed that bank’s market concentration, bank’s market size, and ank’s risk are important in the context ofthe ir relationships with bank’s return on equity. Based on the preceding literature review, the following framework was proposed. Nadim Jahangir, Shubhankar Shill and Md. Amlan Jahid Haque The conceptual Mework (figure 1) depicts sample size is trimmed down to 15 because of the measured variables and their relationships in inaccessibility of data. To run the analysis data the present study. fiom the year 2000 to 2005 data were used. Measures Methodology Research setting To calculate profitability of selected banks, the following ratios were used: Only the listed banks n the Dhaka Stock . Bank’s return on equity (ROE) = Exchange were selected for this study. The Net Income / Total Equity researchers collected secondary data from the annual reports of these banks. Market size= Individual bank’s deposit / Total banks’ deposit Srrr~lpliilg nlethod Market Concentration index = Market size Currently the Dhaka Stock Exchange has 23 listed banks. Therefore, the rese archers have . Bank Risk Measure = selected 23 banks in Bangladesh. However, the Bank’s total loan / total deposit Bd’s Market Concentration Bank’s Market Size. B’d’s Risk Bank’s Return on Equity Figre1 : Conceptr~l Framework of proposed variables and their relationshps. Examination of Profitability in the Context of Bangladesh Banking Industry The relevant reasons and credentials behind the above measures ofprofitability ofbanks are as follows: According to Al-Shamrnari M. and Salirni A. (1 998) profitability ratio especially ROE signals the earning capability of the organization. They also suggest that higher return on equity (ROE) ratio is appreciable as it is the primary indicator ofbank’s profitability and functional efficiency. Besides that the authors pointed out that higher liquidityratio pulls strength of peration up. Thus, fiom their view it can be stated that bank risk can be offset through lower loan-to-deposit ratio. For bank, the capital sufficiency is important to fiu-ther growth as well as profitability. Conversely, more loans derive higher credit risk, higher rate of nonperforming loans, and lower return on asset as well as equity. They provided a data envelopment analysi s (DEA) model to explore the financial position ofcommercial banks in Jordan. Therefore, ROE is used here to measure the profitabilitywhich is the most sought after measure among all. Philippatos andYildlrim (2007) recommended that the arket attractiveness and profitability has a positive relationship in the context of monopolistic banking business. Force of lending can pull up through increase efficiency of own capital and competency. However, earlier in 1977, Heggestad explained that if the individual bank has higher market share it is sure to enjoy monopoly which helps the bank to extend market concentration and reduce risk. The ultimate result is the increase ofreturn on equity (ROE). He also said that risk is a fimdamental factor in pulling up profit. But, market size diverts risk hm business and confirms smooth growth and secured ROE. How to cite Traffic Jam in Dhaka City, Papers

Vanillin Determination free essay sample

Vanillin is most commonly found in food flavour formulations, perfumes and fragrances and has been used in drugs used by those who suffer from Parkinson’s disease (RHODIA, 2013). Physical State| Solid at 20oC| Form| Crystalline powder| Colour| Colourless to slight yellow| Odour| Vanilla| Melting point| 80 – 83. 5oC| Boiling Point| 154oC at 13. 3 hPa284oC at 1013 hPa| Relative density| 1. 06g/cm3 at 20oC| Molecular weight| 152. 15 g/mol| Table 1: physical properties of vanillin (RHODIA, 2013) EXTRACTION OF VANILLIN FROM IMITATION VANILLA ESSENCE Vanillin may be removed from imitation vanilla essence by mixing it with an organic solvent such as dichloromethane and then mixing the vanillin molecule with dilute sodium hydroxide to make it into a sodium salt so that it is in its aqueous phase (Southam, 2013). This is done as in the first step the pure vanillin is attracted to the dichloromethane as they are both organic structures and have similar intermolecular forces (dispersion). The second step involves mixing it with sodium hydroxide and this is done as the phenol group reacts with the sodium hydroxide to create a sodium salt and water, the sodium salt then wants to stay in this aqueous phase due to the similarity in the dipole-dipole bonding. We will write a custom essay sample on Vanillin Determination or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page + NaOH = + H2O Figure 2: Reaction of Vanillin with Sodium Hydroxide AIM The aim of this experiment is to determine how much vanillin is in imitation vanilla essence by extracting the vanillin from the vanilla essence and to measure its absorbance using UV-Visible spectrometry. Experimental Diluted essence (10ml, 100 times diluted) was pipetted into a 100ml separating funnel. 20ml of dichloromethane was added to the diluted essence. The funnel was then shaken vigorously for 2 minutes with gas being release occasionally. The organic phase (lower layer) was released into a 100ml beaker and another 20 ml of dichloromethane was added to the funnel and shaken vigorously for another 2 minutes. The organic phase (lower layer) was again released into the 100 ml beaker. The contents of the funnel were disposed of. The organic phase was then added back into the separating funnel with 40ml of 0. M sodium hydroxide solution and shaken well for 2 minutes. The organic phase was released and disposed of and the aqueous phase was kept and transferred to a 250ml volumetric flask and the volume was made up with 0. 1M sodium hydroxide. Standards were then made using the 50mg/L standard provided and mixing with 0. 1M sodium hydroxide to create standards with 1,2,3,4,5 mg/L concentrations. Each solution was run through the UV – Visible spectrometer to find the absorbance and then the concentration. Your vanilla essence extract| 0. 430| Solution for 100% extraction efficiency| 0. 450| Table 2: UV-Visible Spectrometry Results Figure 3: Graph of absorbance vs concentration From the results data can be gathered to determine how much vanillin is in vanillin essence. A graph can be made with the absorbance values from the standards that were made and from that graph the concentration of the vanillin in the vanilla essence extract can be found using the absorbance and the equation from the line of best fit from the graph. In this case the concentration of the vanillin in the vanilla essence extract will be 2. 9 mg/L. To get the true concentration of the vanillin in vanilla essence the dilution factor needs to be found. The dilution factor is found that 10mL of the 100 times diluted sample was made up to 250ml so that makes the end sample 2500 times diluted. To get the true concentration of vanillin in vanilla essence the concentration found needs to be multiplied by 2500. The concentration of vanillin in vanilla essence is 5739. 25 mg/L. Conclusions and further work A solution with 100% extraction of vanillin from vanilla essence was provided and had a concentration of 2. mg/L, the final concentration of the vanillin from the vanilla essence in this experiment was 2. 29 mg/L, indicating that this experiment had 95. 42% efficiency. This final result also establishes that there is 5739. 25 mg/L of vanillin in vanilla essence.

Post A Comment On This Essay Essays - Law, Reproductive Rights

Post a comment on this essay Read other users' comments Print this essay New Essays | Popular Essays | Submit an Essay Index: Social Issues: Abortion Abortion In Roe et al. v. Wade District Attorney of Dallas County (1973), one of the most controversial cases in recent history, the U.S. Supreme Court struck down all state laws that limit a woman's right to an abortion during the first three months of pregnancy. Justices Rehnquist and White dissented. Mr. Justice Blackmun delivered the opinion of the Court.... This Texas federal appeal and its Georgia companion, Doe v. Bolton, post, p. 179, present constitutional challenges to state criminal abortion legislation. The Texas statutes under attack here are typical of those that have been in effect in many States for approximately a century. The Georgia statutes, in contrast, have a modern cast and are a legislative product that, to an extent at least, obviously reflects the influences of recent attitudinal change, of advancing medical knowledge and techniques, and of new thinking about an old issue. We forthwith acknowledge our awareness of the sensitive and emotional nature of the abortion controversy, of the vigourous opposing views, even among physicians, and of the deep and seemingly absolute convictions that the subject inspires. One's philosophy, one's experiences, one's exposure to the raw edges of human existence, one's religious training, one's attitudes toward life and family and their values, and the moral standards one establishes and seeks to observe, are all likely to influence and to color one's thinking and conclusions about abortion.... The Texas statutes that concern us here are Arts. 1191-1194 and 1196 of the State's Penal Code. These make it a crime to procure an abortion, as therein defined, or to attempt one, except with respect to an abortion procured or attempted by medical advice for the purpose of saving the life of the mother. Similar statutes are in existence in a majority of the States. Texas first enacted a criminal abortion statute in 1854. Texas Laws 1854, c. 49, Sec. 1, set forth in 3 H. Gammel, Laws of Texas 1502 (1898). This was soon modified into language that has remained substantially unchanged to the present time.... Jane Roe, a single woman who was residing in Dallas County, Texas, instituted this federal action in March 1970 against the District Attorney of the county. She sought a declaratory judgment that the Texas criminal abortion statutes were unconstitutional on their face, and an injunction restraining the defendant from enforcing the statutes. Roe alleged that she was unmarried and pregnant; that she wished to terminate her pregnancy by an abortion performed by a competent, licensed physician, under safe, clinical conditions; that she was unable to get a legal abortion in Texas because her life did not appear to be threatened by the continuation of her pregnancy; and that she could not afford to travel to another jurisdiction in order to secure a legal abortion under safe conditions. She claimed that the Texas statutes were unconstitutionally vague and that they abridged her right of personal privacy, protected by the First, Fourth, Fifth, Ninth, and Fourteenth Amendments. By an amendment to her complaint Roe purported to sue on behalf of herself and all other women similarly situated.... We are next confronted with issues of justiciability, standing, and abstention. Have Roe and the Does established that personal stake in the outcome of the controversy, Baker v. Carr, 369 U.S. 186, 204 (1962), that insures that the dispute sought to be adjudicated will be presented in an adversary context and in a form historically viewed as capable of judicial resolution,... The usual rule in federal cases is that an actual controversy must exist at stages of appellate or certiorari review, and not simply at the date the action is initiated... But when, as here, pregnancy is a significant fact in the litigation, the normal 266-day human gestation period is so short that the pregnancy will come to term before the usual appellate process is complete. If that termination makes a case moot, pregnancy litigation seldom will survive much beyond the trial stage, and appellate review will be effectively denied. Our law should not be that rigid.... We, therefore, agree with the District Court that Jane Roe had standing to undertake this litigation, that she presented a justiciable controversy, and that the termination of her 1970 pregnancy has not rendered her case moot.... The principal thrust of appellant's attack on the Texas statutes is that they improperly invade a right, said to be possessed by the pregnant woman,

Keynesian Theory And The New Deal Essays - Economy, Free Essays

Keynesian Theory And The New Deal Essays - Economy, Free Essays Keynesian Theory and the New Deal The crash of the stock market brought many hard times. Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal was a way to fix these times. John Stuart Mill and John Maynard Keynes were two economists whose economic theories greatly influenced and helped Franklin D. Roosevelt devise a plan to rescue the United States from the Great Depression it had fallen into. John Stuart Mill was a strong believer of expanded government, which the New Deal provided. John Maynard Keynes believed in supply and demand, which the New Deal used to stabilize the economy. Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal is the plan that brought the U.S. out of the Great Depression. It was sometimes thought to be an improvised plan, but was actually very thought out. Roosevelt was not afraid to involve the central government in addressing the economic problem. The basic plan was to stimulate the economy by creating jobs. First Roosevelt tried to help the economy with the National Recovery Administration. The NRA spread work and reduced unfair competitive practices by cooperation in industry. Eventually the NRA was declared unconstitutional. Franklin D. Roosevelt then needed a new plan. Keeping the same idea of creating jobs he made many other organizations devoted to forming jobs and in turn helping the economy. One of those organizations was the Civilian Conservation Corps. This corps took men off the streets and paid them to plant forests and drain swamps. Another of these organizations was the Public Works Administration. This organization employed men to build highways and public buildings. These were only some of the organizations dedicated to creating jobs. Creating jobs was important because it put money in the hands of the consumer. This directly affected the supply and demand. The more money they had the more they could spend. This would slowly start a chain reaction and bring the economy back to the way it was before the depression. By the end of the 1930's this plan had lowered unemployment to 17.2%. To make these organizations it was going to take money. Roosevelt had to deficit spend, which is when the government spends more than their budget in one year, in order to obtain this money. Of course these ideas of supply and demand and active government didn't just come to him. He was influenced by John Maynard Keynes and John Stuart Mill. There philosophies were the basis of the New Deal. John Stuart Mill, who began studying economics at age 13, was one of the most influential political thinkers of the mid-Victorian period. He believed in empiricism and utilitarianism. Empiricism is the belief that legitimate knowledge comes only from experience. Utilitarianism is the belief by which things are judged right or wrong. It is judged according to their consequences. In a way he was a hypocrite. When the economy was good he believed in Laisezz-Faire, which means "hands off." If the economy was bad, though, he believed in an extended role of government. This simply meant that the government should take part in the economy and try to make it better. The New Deal was a very active government plan because it had the government working directly to make jobs and fix the economy. Mill died in 1873 and would never had a chance to talk to Franklin D. Roosevelt. In a press conference Franklin D. Roosevelt once said, "I brought down several books by English economists and leading American economists, I suppose I must have read different articles by fifteen different experts."(Schlesinger, Pg.650) This writing indirectly steered Roosevelt towards a plan which expanded the role of government. Mill gave Franklin D. Roosevelt the basis of the plan, but it needed to be elaborated on. John Maynard Keynes was the man to do this. John Maynard Keynes, one of the most influential economists of the 20th century. For many years he was an active voice in economics. In 1929 he wrote We Can Conquer Unemployment and in 1930 he wrote his Treatise on Money. Ten years before he died he wrote his General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money. Above all he believed in supply and demand. This was an indirect way to let the economy balance itself. In

Hong Kong and the Impact of Cyber Crimes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Hong Kong and the Impact of Cyber Crimes - Essay Example Nonetheless, no process is without a flaw; and many take advantage of this fact to steal from individuals and organizations that engage in e-payments. Despite all efforts of the government to restrain cyber crimes, and of information technology specialists to fortify domain firewalls, anxieties related to online transactions are mounting, and in a way, adversely affect international marketing endeavors. I. E-payment and Cybercrimes Electronic payments â€Å"refer to the systems and strategies required to enable the actual disbursement of funds electronically. It is concerned not only with the electronic transactions themselves, but also with the infrastructure required for billing and buyer authentication† (Botha and Geldenhuys, 2004, p. 67). The funds may be in the form of electronic checks, credit cards, purchasing cards, and electronic cash (Rainer and Cegielski, 2007). Authentication typically involves the username and password tandem, although other institutions support e xtended verification systems. For instance, Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corporation (HSBC) provide internet bankers with security device, while Emirates NBD incorporate the CHIP and PIN technology in all debit accounts. A team of researchers from Indiana University and Microsoft Corporation reported that major e-payment systems, e-retailers and e-commerce platforms have system security software glitches that can be abused by illicit websites to divert payments, or obtain goods for free or at reduced prices (Demery, 2011). Meanwhile, the Internet Fraud Complaint Center in the United States receives 200,000 consumer complaints per year, with securities and commodities fraud encompassing 16 percent (Miller and Jentz, 2009). Banks that rely heavily on online operations are at risk of losing profits as consumers also lose confidence on the security of online banking, specifically electronic payment of bills. Yet, although perpetrators of cyber crimes generally victimize financial serv ice companies, the Anti-Phishing Working Group has recorded cases of attempts to exploit â€Å"social networking and gambling sites† as well (CIO, 2007, p.36) II. Cyber Crimes in Hong Kong The Census and Statistics Department reveals that 76 percent of households in Hong Kong have computers, 73 percent of which maintains broadband connection; and about 63 percent of firms use personal computers, 98 percent of which do regular emails (Cagape, 2010). The figures clearly indicate that majority of the population in Hong Kong engage in online pursuits, and a significant portion of businesses are conducted via the internet. This alone leaves the country a viable target for cybercrimes. Speakers at the Information Security Summit 2008 reported an increase of 44 percent in hacking attacks in Hong Kong between January and October 2008, while the Computer Emergency Response Team (CERT) stated that during the same period, they have already dealt with 483 incidents of cyber crimes (Spam Fighter, 2008). Unfortunately, Hong Kong is also deficient in internet laws and certain websites are criticized for mediocre security features. Michelle Chan of Herbert Smith law firm observes that existing internet laws in Hong Kong are appropriate for misconducts in the early 1990s, but no further amendments were effected since then. On the other hand, this does not mean

Population Environment Resource 3 - need in 12 hours Essay

Population Environment Resource 3 - need in 12 hours - Essay Example But the biggest benefit in conservation of energy in a personal level is the personal savings that one can have. For example, instead of spending money on gas for your car, you can save money for a family vacation. Most countries, like Germany and the United States, has experienced an energy crisis (Nolan, p.98). Because of this, the cost of energy began to increase because of the monopoly of this trade. With that, it is evident that energy becomes a controversial issue since the entire nation is using it for whatever purpose it may serve them, like in industrialization or just simply a family’s everyday living, like cooking or watching TV. Aside from the increasing price of fuel and energy because of high consumption, it also impacts the environment in such a way that it pollutes the environment. Energy used proved to produce high levels of carbon dioxide and other gases that is detrimental for human health (Davies and Mazurek, p.237). With this, it can be concluded that high energy consumption coupled with its effects on the national economy and the environment jeopardizes the national security. The government has been developing projects for energy efficiency through the use of alternative energy resources. One form of energy saving program that the government is pushing is the use of solar energy. Since it is an unlimited resource, even if there is a high energy consumption based on the solar power, it will not affect the limited natural resources that we have (Peddle, p.18). Also, it will increase the savings that the nation will have since the individuals are not purchasing and ordering fuel and gas, which costs a considerable amount of money. Aside from controlling the use fuel through by improving fuel efficiency in cars, it is also important that the government look into the energy consumption of each individual. Even if each person uses a fuel-efficient vehicle, if they have a high consumption of gas,

Lean Operation and Supply Chain Management Textile Industry

Lean Operation and Supply Chain Management Textile Industry There is an increasing concern on lean operation and supply chain management in the textile and apparel industry which has changed significantly over last decades, due to global sourcing and price competition. One of the main reason for the interest in supply chain management caused by apparel industrys unique characteristics, such as fast fashion and short product lifecycle. At present, lean operation and supply chain management played an important role in textile and apparel. This essay illustrates how an apparel company, Zara, achieved a tremendous success by take advantage of the practice of lean operation and supply chain. Lean operation mainly focuses on eliminating waste and minimizing the time between a customers order and delivery. Lean concept is a much faster, better and less-expensive way of get the right done at the right place. It not only attempts to eliminate material waste, but also the reduce time in order to enhance efficiency and improve processes. In other word, Lean operation allows Zara to get low cost advantage and short lead times over its competitors. 2.Zaras operation management practice Zara demonstrates clear advantages over its rivals by lean operations. Zara applies the latest software application and unique business strategies to ensure that its overall capabilities are developed to their full potential. This leads Zaras business procedures performing more efficiently throughout all levels of the business. This allows Zara to not only update all relevant information, but also monitor and evaluate information such as sales, returns or pricing. These enhancements mean that efficiency is improved in all aspects of the supply chain. sales can be precisely monitored at POS terminals across all stores allows Zara to recognize when necessary strategic decisions need to be made in relation to supply and demand. Such communication between stores and other levels of the supply chain . This in turn makes sure that the alignment between the demand at store level and the supply at its headquarters is optimal. Therefore stock control is more precise; shipment and replenishment is more efficient and ordering time is minimal. Zaras success is partly depend on such lean operation and effective communication from customer to store manager, from retail sector to design section and from production to distribution. it takes advantage of lean operation in order to take control of almost every aspect of design, marketing, production, retailing and distribution. A constant cooperation throughout every step of Zaras supply chain provides competitive advantages to Zaras fast fashion strategy, information flow transfer among customers, store managers, marketing employee ,designers, production employee, warehouse managers and distributors managers, and so on. Zara has made significantly efforts to ensure each progress is very efficient and information flow transfer easier to facilitate operational procedures, performance assessment, and the location of every store and office layouts. It shows that operation management is one of major activities for Zara to support its fast fashion system. it is effective solution to connect all of Zaras operations worldwide network and automating processes. this lean practices is entirely compatible to Zaras supply chain. Zara use such system to differ substantially from its competitors. Zara invests on prompt lean pratices. To keep up with fast reaction to business procedural changes, supply chain management will probably ensure flexibility and quick response. 2.1 Lean operation used in design progess Today, many people still take a narrow view of lean opearion, they view lean operation as cost reduction, mainly in terms of the costs they can save. Cost control is definitely an important part of lean operation. After all, if your rivirals can produce their products at a much lower cost, they could easily take over the market. However, some smart company view lean operation as their marketing plan and adding value for their customers. For instance, Zaras design involves in many efficient lean practices ¼Ã…’ which only design products the customer demand. All processes performed just for the sake of creating customers Value. The lean manufacturer minimizes resources that are not only raw materials but also manpower and time. The lean criteria is that all activities, movement, resources and other input convert into final product efficiently. Zara has applied such lean criteria successfully. Product development is constantly working in order to adapt to new fashion trends . Design ers and managers attend high-fashion fairs and exhibitions to obtain fashion information and then convert the latest fashion trends of the season into their designs. Other sources of design inspiration come from TV, Internet, film content or trend spotters. product development teams focus on venues such as university campuses and clubs around the world to capture fashion trends and customer preferences. Zaras product development teams have frequent dialogue via their internal IT system. Zara gave significant autonomy to each store manager in deciding the quantity of product needed by each store. Moreover, the store manager is able to decide which product to display in their stores and which product is to be sold at a reduced price. The managers responsibility is to make these decision based on market research and sales trends. Moreover, by employing young and fashionable member of staff ensures that employees also contribute by helping to report the sales analysis, the product life cycles, and the store trends to the designers. There are specialized teams in headquarters to analyze feedbacks and information from each store, then design and produce their products. These sales analyses allow the designers to develop the right products to meet consumer Demand. Design team issues up to approximately 12,000 new design styles per year. Such a design concept obviously depends on the regular creation of new design. For example, Zaras designer team came up with approximately 40,000 new designs per year, from which only slightly more than one-quarter of them for production. Zara often follows the fashion trends of the high-fashion houses and offers similar products at much lower prices by using less expensive fabric. It also attempts to offer more colors and larger range of sizes to meet the need of consumers. After a prototype of new design was selected, a computer-aided design system is used to refine colors and textures. Limited number of new items were produced and presented in certain stores for a trial period and large volumes of the product are produced only if customerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¸s reaction is positive. As a consequence, failure rates on new products is only 1% which is less than the average rate of 10% of other fashion retailers. 2.2 Lean Manufacture In fashion industry, the demand changes very fast due to new fashion trends and a volatile market situation. This demand is unpredictable and could vary and change completely in a short time, creating high difficulties for supply chain. To establish a lean supply chain is one crucial way for textile and apperal retailing company to enhance its performance and to gain competitive advantages. Zara has adopted lean manufacturing and combined this with practices in supply chain management for fashion retailing. In some extend, the lean manufacturing and supply chain management have become an universal solution in the apparel and textile industry. Zara has been able to obtain excellent success due to its lean manufacturing by vertical integration and fast fashion business strategies which provide Zara with a competitive advantage over traditional fashion retailers in the industry. Generally speaking, apparel retailers always try to keep lower costs by outsourcing production to developing countries where the lowest labor could reduce its manufacture cost. On the other hand, Zaraà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¸s subsidiary retailing chain adopted a successful diverse method of doing business through working through the whole value chain by in-house design, production, distribution and retailing. Highly capital intensity and vertical integration is a distinctive feature of Zaraà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¸s business model. From the upstream value chain, a subsidiary of Zara company, Comdietel, funnels fabric and other input supplied by external suppliers. More than half of the fabric was undyed which provide maximum flexibility to produce in-season clothes. Comdietel is able to dye and process gray fabric into certain pattern within only one week to meet the requirement of downstream value chain. Zara has 20 fully owned manufacture factories across the Europe. These factories use capital intensive production processes and provide cut garment and semi-manufactured products to approximately 500 in-house workshops. The relevant cutting machines and other systems produce semi-manufactured items and cut garments which will be transited directly into workshops. The progress looks rigmarole, but it is quite efficient because bar codes track the cut pieces through the every production steps. Workshops are located in labor-intensive areas across Europe such as Spain and northern Portugal. These workshops manufacture clothes in small scale to offer specialization in product type. The sewn clothes were sent back from these workshops to various product line under different brands. The center will inspect, iron and fold before sending finished garment to distribution center. The secret of Zaraà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¸s success is that vertical integration leads to short turnaround times and great flexibility. By implementing in-house production, zara has obtained high level of variety, quantity and frequency of new styled clothes. Zara adopts market orientation by reducing lead-times and increasing flexibility. Zara is able to upgrade products in its stores within 10 to 15 days from design to stores. Vertical integration decreased Zaraà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¸s stock to a minimum level and reduced fashion risk. In the mean time, providing small amount of products in a great variety of styles rendered Zara shorter lead times and high level flexibility. As a consequence of offering fewer amount of product more often, Zara obtains larger percentages of the full price due to in-season sell and thus achieve higher net margins on sales. By focusing on shorter response times to fashion trends and keeping up with fashion. Zara made efforts to make sure that its stores are able to offer latest fashion items that consumers desired at a given time. Zara can move from coming up a design to having clothes in its stores within 2 weeks. Short lead times is Zara one of the most important competitive advantages over its competitors. When Zaraà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¸s retail stores provide consumer with latest fashion items and gain huge amount of sales, its competitors have still struggled to catch up. In comparison, HMà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¸s lead time is more than 20 days. Traditional retailers use 4-6 months . 2.3 Distribution Excellent supply chain management mainly focus on the understanding and balancing three key dimensions of flexibility, inventory and cost. Zara is obvious example for it by managing these trade-offs efficiently. Zaras supply chains has improved business performance and drive competitive advantage. Improving supply chain management is considered as its the business model which resulted in rapid growth and profitability. A more systematic approach to inventory distribution is another feature of Zara. Each retail chain has its own centralized distribution system. Distribution center is located in Arteixo and small satellite centers across the world. In order to keep its stores refreshed with new merchandise every two weeks, the warehouses of Zara is simply a place to transfer merchandise rather than store them. Under Indetexà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¸s distribution system, most of merchandise stayed at the distribution centers for only few hours. Products are inspected and shipped immediately in distribution center. Store managers can check lists of items available to be shipped to their stores. Based on their store inventories, they can request quantities and type of products. However, Zaraà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¸s international expansion required constant adjustment on distribution. Zara schedules the shipment by time zone to make sure distribute effectively. Zara uses this method to gain a competitive advantage by mini mizing the lead times. 3.Conclusions Zara is experiencing significant growth and has great opportunity to continue that growth by its efficient lean practice in design and manufacturing process and effective supply chain management that is completely contrary to the rest of the clothing industry; Zara has possess a competitive advantage for itself in the sense of low prices and quick cycle times, introducing new fashions. For Zara, supply chain management is a strategic differentiator that leads to a competitive edge. Supply chain management is more than a new name for logistic. Lean operation is not just concerned about cost control, Zara views its lean operation and supply chain as key strategy of its business models. The case study on Zara

Macbeth Newspaper Essay

One way Jewett dramatizes the character of the young girls adventure is by using personification. Jewett uses personification. Personification gives human qualities to objects as a way of describing them to strengthen the description. In the story A White Heron Jewett uses personification when she says â€Å"There was the huge tree asleep yet in the paling moonlight. † Jewett here is showing the tree as a peaceful tree sleeping under the moonlight. â€Å"It must truly have been amazed. † This is when Jewett is trying to show how the tree is amazed by Sylvia and from that point it started to help her. â€Å"It felt this determined spark of human spirit. † This is when Jewett is showing that the tree felt a spark of human spirit. â€Å"And the tree stood still and frowned away the winds. † This was when Jewett was trying to show that the tree frowned away the winds and did not want the wind to make Sylvia’s journey hard for her. â€Å"The old pine must have loved his new dependent. † This is when Jewett is showing that the old pine tree now has helped Sylvia to the top and actually loves his new dependent (Sylvia). Another way Jewett dramatizes the character of the young girls adventure is by using Diction. Diction is the author’s word choice. It is very important because it strengthens the description of something or someone. In The White Heron Jewett it helps contrast between the huge tree and the small girl. Words that was used to describe Sylvia in the story was â€Å"little,† â€Å"small,† â€Å"clumsy,† â€Å"bare feet,† â€Å"weak creature† and â€Å"Harmless housebreaker. † All of these are words chosen by Jewett that describes the character of Sylvia. It strengthens the characterization of Sylvia. Those words mostly are showing that Sylvia is weak and small. She is a small girl that goes on a journey that leads her to becoming a young adult. Also words such as â€Å"determined,† â€Å"daring,† spark† and â€Å"dazzle† shows that Sylvia is determined and is daring herself to climb the â€Å"huge† tree. Jewett also uses words to describe the tree. Words such as â€Å"huge,† â€Å"strong,† â€Å"old pine,† â€Å"sturdy,† â€Å"monstrous ladder† and â€Å"great main mast† to describe the tree. This is showing that the tree is very powerful. These two are exactly opposite when Jewett describes them using word choice and diction. For example she says the girl is â€Å"small† and the tree is â€Å"huge,† she is â€Å"weak† and the tree is â€Å"strong† so there is a contrast between them. Contrasting diction and word choices contrasts the Sylvia’s personality and the tree’s.

Operating and Information System: Case Study on Airasia

WEEK 7 :Operating and Information System: Case Study on AirAsiaAirAsia creates values through the following vision is to be the largest low cost airline in Asia and serving the 3 billion people who are currently underserved with poor connectivity and high fares. Beside that, the AirAsia also creates the mission is to be the best company to work for whereby employees are treated as part of a big family, create a globally recognized ASEAN brand, to attain the lowest cost so that everyone can fly with AirAsia and the last is maintain the highest quality product, embracing technology to reduce cost and enhance service levels. AirAsia makes the low fare model possible and create values through the implementation of the 6 key strategies. The first of the key strategies is Safety First, AirAsia wan to be partnering with the world’s most renowned maintenance providers and complying with the world airline operations. Beside that, the second key strategies is High Aircraft Utilization is mean implementing the regions fastest turnaround time at only 25 minutes, assuring lower costs and higher productivity. Low Fare and No Frills are also is AirAsia’s key strategies, Low Fare and No Frills is mean providing guests with the choice of customizing services without compromising on quality and services. Another key strategies is Streamline Operation, this key strategies is make sure that processes are as simple as possible. Beside that, Lean Distribution System is offering a wide and innovative range of distribution channels to make booking and traveling easier. The last of the AirAsia’s key strategies is Point to Point Network is to applying the point-to-point network keeps operation simple and lower costs. Business process and operation in the AirAsia is has fostered a dependency on Internet technology for its operational and strategic management, and provides an online ticket booking services to traveler online. In todays globalize economy, information technology has driven fundamental changes in the nature and application of technology in business. The implementation of information technology in its value chain provides powerful strategic and tactical tools for AirAsia, which if properly applied and used, could bring great advantages in promoting and strengthening the competitive advantages. Moreover, AirAsia has currently adopted information technologies strategically to integrate the operations and coordinate all the business and management functions. The followings are few system implementations that AirAsia has done in its marketing and sales activities as well as operation activity in the value chain. The lowest airlines like Air Asia attending low cost require high efficiency in every part of the business and maintaining simplicity. Therefore every system process must incorporate the best industry practices. The key components of the LCC business model are High aircraft utilization, No frills, Streamline Operations, Basic Amenities,Point to point network, Lean Distribution System. Aircraft is kept flying as much as possible, the first flight starts as early in the morning commercially possible and the final flight typically ends at midnight. A fast turnaround is critical to ensure time spent of the ground is minimal – an airline makes money when the aircraft is flying, not when the aircraft is parked. AirAsia’s turnaround time is 25 minutes; compare that against 1 hour for a FSC. On average, AirAsia’s utilization per aircraft is 12 block hours per day, a FSC might do about 8 block hours per day. No frills such as no free food and beverages, free seating, no refund and no loyalty programme. Making the process as simple as possible is the key of a successful LCC. Single type of aircraft, single class seating, Standard Operating Procedures. Secondary airports. Low cost carriers mostly fly to and from airports that are not necessarily the busiest, for example, London – Stanstead rather than London – Heathrow. These are often referred to as secondary airports. Operating from so called secondary airports is cheaper than from the bigger major airports and they are also a lot less congested and â€Å"turnaround times† for aircraft are a lot shorter. Point to point network. LCC shuns the hub-and-spoke system and embraces the simple point-to-point network. Almost all AirAsia flights are short-haul (3 hour flight or less). No arrangements have been made with other airline companies on connecting flights, on possibilities of flight transfers, nor on having the luggage labeled and assed through from one flight to another. Distribution costs are something that FSC most often ignore. Very often, FSC relies on travel agents and from their posh sales office. Furthermore, FSC always blows the budget by complicating their distribution channels by integrating their systems with multiple Global Distribution Systems. LCC will keep their distribution channel as simple as possible and will cover the w hole spectrum of the clientele profile. For example, AirAsia can cater to the most sophisticated European traveler via internet and credit card sales. And at the same time, AirAsia has an established system to sell our tickets to the most remote and technology deprived locations, such as in Myanmar. When talking about LCC, some quarters will react with cynical and sometimes preposterous views. If a passenger must stand in a flight due to lack of seats or there will be chickens in the flight. Such misconceptions are not surprising, given the fact that scheduled, low-fare flights are a relatively new phenomenon in the world. The reason for the success of the new low cost carriers is very simple – move the maximum number of passengers at the minimum of cost. The concept of LCC is based on the idea that people would fly a lot more often if it were more affordable. LCC airline’s main mission is to make air travel the most simple, convenient and inexpensive form of transportation in the world. The fare differential between the full service carriers (FSC) and LCC can be as high as 40%-60% cheaper. Air Asia SWOT such as Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats. Strengths analysis have low cost operations, fewer management level, effective, focused and aggressive management, simple proven business model that consistently delivers that lowest fares, multi-skilled staffs means efficient and incentive workforce, penetrate and stimulate to potential markets. Weaknesses analysis have limited human resources could not handle irregular situation, government interference and regulation on airport deals and passenger compensation, brand is vital for market position and developing it is always a challenge, and new entrants to provide the price-sensitive services. Oppurtunities analysis also have long haul flight is an trial to get undeveloped market share, differentiation from traditional LCC model by adding customer services or operation as full service airline with low fare, and ongoing industry consolidation has opened up prospects for new routes and airport deals. And the last one Threats analysis have full service airlines start cut costs to compete, high fuel price decreases yield, accident, terrorist attack, and disaster and affect customer confidence, increase in operation cost in producing value-added services, and system disruption due to heavily reliance on online sales. In AirAsia have Yield Management System (YMS) . This system is to anticipates and reacts to the behavior of customers to maximize the revenue. For some example, for the seat are available at various prices in different points of time. A reservation done at a later date will be charged more than the one done earlier for the same seat. For the Route is adjusting prices for routes or destinations that have a higher demand when compared to others. During off-peak times while raising prices only marginally for peak times. For the AirAsia’s Computer Reservation is an integrated web-enabled reservation and inventory system suite powered by Navitaire’s Open Skies technology that includes Internet, call center, and airport departure control functionality. Computer Reservation System is also satisfy the unique needs of AirAsia implementing a low-cost business model to transform the business process to efficiently streamline operations. Enterprise Resource Planning System(ERP) in AirAsia is an integrated solution powered by Microsoft Business Solutions (MBS) on Microsoft technology platform which is implemented by Avanade consultants in 2005. With the robust ERP technology platform, AirAsia is able to successfully maintain process integrity, reduce financial month-end closing processing time, speeds up reporting and data retrieval process. Customer Relationship Program (CRM) the information management process, the multichannel integration process, the value creation process, the strategy development process and the performance assessment process. The fundamental to a successful CRM strategy requires seamless customer-centric processes, supported by integrated technology across the enterprise and its supply chain which provide the right information at the right time. To ensure that technology solutions support CRM, CRM tools must be making trade offs in flexibility, customizability, cost, convenience and speed of deployment; certainly it must match to the needs of the business. However, CRM tool is just a supplement to CRM strategy, appropriate strategy and excellent implementation is essential for a successful CRM.

Should Teenagers Get Cosmetic Surgery - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2311 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2019/08/07 Category Medicine Essay Level High school Tags: Cosmetic Surgery Essay Did you like this example? Cosmetics surgery on teenagers is a risk to their own bodies. Teenagers dont fully develop until theyre in their early twenties, so for a doctor to let them know if theirs a risk for them after the surgery they cant say because their body isnt yet where they are supposed to be developed. Teenagers dont do research on the surgery so they have little known of the risk they will be taking and just believe what their doctors tell them. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Should Teenagers Get Cosmetic Surgery?" essay for you Create order Surgery is not easy to be paid, in other words, it is expensive. We live in a society where everyone talks about everyone, one remark should not let it get to a teenager, teenagers are just growing. Some bloom sooner or later eventually. Teenagers shouldnt be putting their body in risk at an early age, instead should be loving their selves.   Ages thirteen to twenty-one should not be getting cosmetic surgery because their body dont fully develop till their in their early twenties. Dr. Kirk Brandow says,   breast tissue can continue to grow after the age of sixteen, it is possible that a girl could develop breasts that are a size shes comfortable with, which would eliminate the need for implants. if thats the case and getting implants instead of waiting for your own body to develop will put you in a position where you tell your self, now their too big I dont want these implants in me, and there goes another risky surgery to your own self. It goes for the boys too, they see celebrities with big muscles and want some push up in their arms, but boys stop developing at age 16 but their muscles will continue to grow until they have hit their early twenties. Teenagers need to understand we are all still growing, we are still learning new things everyday. There is an actual growth chart where girls gain weight at the age of eighteen to twenty-one, even with therapy sessions it is not possible to tell exactly if theres going to be a risk in the future after the cosmetic surgery. Teenagers should weight it out before thinking if they want surgery till their in there twenty-one, that way their fully developed.    They say one reason teenagers should get cosmetic surgery is that people can be so cruel whether intentionally or not. An example is, back when I was in high school I was in the hallway with my friend by the locker. Theres a girl next to us putting her books away in her own locker just then someone blurted out to her, Gee, did you see her nose? while passing by when she had turned around. I had went up to her and told he to ignore it, but she just ran from me and headed to the bathroom. In like maybe a month it was almost Christmas I had recently seen her and she looked so different. She had gotten her nose done, a nose job. She looks happy in the hallways and her head held high. They say cosmetic surgeries should be able to be done with teens because they will feel better about them self. However, willing to get a nose job or any other cosmetic surgeries come with risks and expenses. It comes with many risks while getting it done, anesthesia risk infection, poor wound healing o r scarring, permanent nerve damage, difficulty breathing and also skin discoloration and swelling. Her nose is still growing we are only fourteen, for her nose to be growing after she have gotten it done will be affecting her in the future. On top of that its expensive, why put you self in debt over one remark of a teenager. We all got flaws. A nose job cost thousands pf money and insurance dont cover it, it all comes out your own pocket. Just the nose job cost 4,694 without any of the anthesis or the operating facilities. With adding that it will range up to 5,000 to 10,000 for a nose job that you want over someone rude comment. Teenagers are here to grow and develop, everyone got their own flaws. Dont nobody need to be putting their self in risk as well in debt too or your own mom. Next thing you know were in our senior year in high school, she became homeschooled because her nose started to get droopy. Medical doctor Phillp S. Schoenfeld said, as we age the support structures of the nose that provides the nose with shape and stability will stretch , elongate and weaken. The nose loses its shape and thats when the tip droops. Our nose develops over time, so causing to get rhinoplasty can cause you to have difficulties in the future.   Teenagers that know they are a different identity should be able to get cosmetic surgery at a early age. They should be able to feel comfortable within them selfs and also proud of coming out. This give reasons why cosmetic surgery should be allowed for teenagers. This is not a phase this is what I want to do with my body. In contrast, they shouldnt be allowed to get cosmetic surgery because is not a phase but its early for their body to change drastically. Study finds health risk for transgender women on hormone therapy, the study looked at records of five-thousands transgender people and found higher risks of blood clots, stroke, and heart attack for transgender women, July 9th, 2018. Dr. Gabrielle Caswell, president of the Cosmetic Physicians Society of Australasia, said Children should not receive cosmetic or surgical procedures of any kind unless they are compelling medical or psychological reasons to do so. They can do their cosmetic surgery but when their older, when your brain has developed and mentality change. Cosmetic surgery is not easy, is changing to another person that you were not born with. Teenagers should not be allowed and be banned. In Queensland, physicians who operate on children without good reason can face two years in imprisonment.   Regret rates highest in male-to-female reassignment operations. A 2011 study found that after sex reassignment surgery, more than three hundred Swedish transsexuals faced a higher risk of mortality, suicide ideation, and psychiatric issues compared to the rest of the population. The researchers concluded, Our findings suggest that sex reassignment, although alleviating gender dysphoria, may not suffice as treatment for transsexualism, and should inspire improved psychiatric and somatic care after sex reassignment for this patient group. When going through a process like this, need to make sure this is right for you and have been to a psychiatric hospital to talk about it and make sure in your mentality you want this, but you cant if youre a teenager because your brain has not developed yet. If your brain has not mature yet then you shouldnt be getting no plastic surgery because in the long run after the surgery it may has its side effect on how you feel with your self maybe even worse. When having a transgender surgery, the expense is out of your pocket but way more than just a cosmetic surgery. A gender reassignment surgery seven-thousand to twenty-four-thousand for male-to-female. Female-to-male can be up too fifty thousand not including the warrant extra care. If your younger than eighteen, there is not job thats can afford to pay that off and your parents shouldnt be paying for it because in the long run if for you and not your parents. Theyll support you but it should be your doing if you cant then wait a proper age, do not put your self in debt!   Transforming your body is not an easy decision to make, especially you know the risk effects. People have died with cosmetic surgery. Leah Cambridge died on the operating table at Elite Aftercare In Izmir. She was on the table under a Brazilian butt lift procedures, which reshapes the buttocks by transferring fat from areas including the stomach and back. A study was shown In the US found one in three-thousands patients died from the popular procedure. This is why there is a huge risk in why as cosmetic surgery should wait till your over twenty-one. Your mentality and brain had have developed more as in your body as well. Doctors will go ahead with the procedure but they know the risks, and you are even putting them in risk by them losing the job they have worked for.   I feel I am mature enough to get a cosmetic surgery if I wanted too. Its my body right I can do whatever I want to it. However, people might have the idea that their mature enough when in reality they might not actually be. One way to see if teenagers are mature enough for this stage of surgery is to screen potential patients using psychological testing. This testing will ask you questions on why you want the surgery? What will benefit for you? Knowing you won.t look like how you are after the surgery has happened. You need to understand everything thats going to happen and being able to deal with the changes you will start overcoming because you are going to feel different as in, people are going to visually different too. Surgery is not easy to take in, need all the support you can get. Teenagers dont understand how one surgery can really change them for who they are, will maybe start acting like their better because they got surgery instead of loving your own self. If a teenager can live with their imperfections, its better to not take the risk on your own self. Sometimes the surgery you will be getting can be dissatisfied with the results of their surgery and up feeling sad and going to depressed mood. Not all surgeries go perfectly especially if your body keeps changing every day at a young age, it will only make matters worse. They expected to be perfect, but when they realized they didnt need the plastic surgery to make them feel more confident or happy in the long run, then they start regretting and realizing them their original self-was perfection. Regretting a surgery is not easy and If you are not mature enough your able to hit a depression mode if that was the case. Surgery usually doesnt come out the way you want to look or want to be looked by other people after a surgery your usually going to be swollen, redness, pain, bruising and just very uncomfortable. Takes months and months to heal but within those months even risk can occur w hile healing. If you dont like scars, really prevent your self from having a cosmetic surgery because scarring is permanent.   Plastic surgery wont make people like you. If youre a person with a bad personality or stuck up, changing your looks wont make people come to you.   Plastic surgery should not be used for people to like you unless you need surgery because people will like you for who you are not for fixing your nose, lips, and body. Theyll see the real you. People wanting to do cosmetic surgery should not be doing it for other because if thats the case then youre risking your own life for them.   A cosmetic artist Bobbi Brown wrote a book on how telling women to accept for what they cannot change them selfs. She has studies that most womens grow into their bodies the way they are supposed to and almost all of the petty complaints a teenager has such an excess fat or big nose are changed once we hit out twenty-one. She knew a person, a woman that wanted surgery back then but she realizes she did not have money for what she wanted. She wanted to fix her nose and the belly gut is a fatness that hangs a little over thats part of your stomach. She was very self-conscious about it and was only seventeen years old. She just waited till she had a job that can afford such a surgery since insurance wouldnt cover it. Over the years, she worked and worked until finally, she was twenty-three had a stable job too do the procedures just then she looked at her self and seen what she hasnt seen since she was seventeen. She never really pay mind to it no more but she believed that actually waiting till your body has developed to what is supposed to be, her nose came to a smaller shaped over the years and did not realize till now and shes has been working in an active environment she lost the baby gut the fatness in the belly throughout the years. All she did was wait and made sure thats what she wanted and she was smart to not put her self in debt for her future and now she feels better than she has before. If she would have done a procedure back then and its been six years her nose would have in a state to redo again because her nose has shifted and she would have a scar on her stomach fatness when she could have lost it her self. Her body grew into a mature body state and no complications throughout her self.   In conclusion, cosmetic surgery should not be done on teens, it should be banned till their body has fully developed. Bodies dont stop growing until they have hit their mid-twenties as well as your brain. Having a mentality for what exactly you want as a teenager will change in the future once you fully understand the risk you will put your self through as well as all the expenses that need to be paid off. Teenagers should wait to make sure if thats what they really want. Cosmetics surgery is not easy to deal with at an early young age and should not be risking your self.